A little bit of both. A guard is not required in the PDC and that has been our focus. A guard is required in the higher levels. The little bit of guarding my dog has been introduced to involved putting an upside down place box in front of the decoy who is not wearing any equipment so as not to cue the dog a bite is imminent. The place box is a cue for correct positioning. He is on a long line I send him to guard. He simply has to very quickly run and get on the place box in front of the decoy and make eye contact without trying to bite. He is rewarded with a 6" Klin soft, soccer like ball because it is a lower value reward that a bite, plus the decoy has no equipment. For me, the barking in the guard is a waste of a dog's energy. The evolvement of the so-called bark and hold, as I have been taught, has some history behind it and has largely been bastardized, especially in IPO. Originally, it developed out of the border patrol dogs from the Eastern Bloc countries having their dogs search for smugglers and the like. When the dog located them, they apprehended them with a bite. The smugglers got smart and made sleeve like protection and when the dog bit their arm, they would disable or kill the dog with blunt trauma or some other means. Then there is the police bark and hard which is very different from an IPO/sport bark and hard. The concept is that the dog learns to hold and fight the subject with his bark and not his bite, which is very unnatural for most dogs. In the police bark and hold, the dog is facing the same issues the early smugglers presented in that if they did a typical sport B&H they could easily be injured or killed so police dogs were taught to guard from a distance. The barking was a way to tell their handler where they were holding the bad guy because there was concern if the dog automatically bit, police departments could be liable for excessive force. Few if any police departments use the B&H today. It has become a mainstay of IGP, but the vast majority of dogs are not actually holding/fighting the decoy with their bark, but have learned to bark in prey for the sleeve. In some top level IGP sport dogs, you will see a silent guard after the out in the escape bite, but they have to do an active, rhythmic bark in the blind to score well. My dog doesn't actually have the concept of guarding because it hasn't been paired with an escape bite, which will likely be a bite to the leg behind the knee. So in PSA, the active guard is not a requirement, IMO it wastes energy, and it is a no longer what it originally was intended to be.