My concern is that the OP wants "inexpensive." But even the best bred dog is not guaranteed to STAY "inexpensive."
My last three dogs -- all acquired as pups -- came from good breeders, with good lines. Camper's breeder wasn't nearly as good as Meri's. But she was diligent, attentive and supportive. Camper had several health issues -- allergies, SIBO, and ultimately, partial torsion that required surgery. He cost us a fortune. And he died almost immediately after the surgery at an incredibly young age.
For what it's worth, he had excellent hips and elbows.
There's more to health than orthopedics. ...Sigh...
Meri's breeder is VERY highly regarded. If you read any book about beagles that's been recently written, it's likely that the breeder or co-owner is featured and possibly has written a section. Great folks. Meri has a luxating patella that needs surgery. The sire has lots of offspring and there isn't one (that anyone knows of) that has this issue. Meri's was the first litter for the bitch. Given Meri's knee, they have mentioned that they may not breed her again. Meri has no trochlear groove to speak of (She also has beautiful hips and elbows though.
) It's completely genetic. And quite serious. Obviously.
I'm supposed to let them know exactly what the surgeon finds when he's in there, and when we take xrays of the other knee (we're waiting for her to be anesthetized to do so). Then they'll figure out what should be done. At the very least, they don't plan to breed the dog and bitch together again.
Great breeders. Very supportive.
Finally, Celo has an issue with his bite. His breeder came extremely well recommended; her lines are excellent. This is another fluke thing that just happened. We've waited to see if he would outgrow it, but it's not happening. My long-time vet is now a board-certified dentist, and he's been trying to figure out how we can fix this without orthodontics. But the longer we wait, the worse the condition of his mouth is. He's going in Wednesday to have impressions made for his orthodontia.
I don't blame Celo's breeder -- who is also very supportive -- any more than I blame Meri's. We are buying living creatures. Some things can be somewhat controlled for (like HD/ED) but a breeder can't control for everything.
Total cost for my dogs? Camper probably cost me about $10K in total health care over less than 3 years.
Currently, Meri's one surgery (hoping her second knee won't need surgery!) will run about $2700, not including rehab costs. S0 maybe $3500-4000 WITH rehab? Celo's "braces"
will cost me about $2000. Given what happened with Camper, I opted to run both of them past the internist who did a complete pre-anesthesia work-up. That ran approx $500 each.
So...my point is that dogs CAN cost you a LOT of money even after you get them home.
What I DO have is two friendly, social, stable, amazing dogs that you can put into almost any situation and they'll be perfectly fine. They aren't aggressive. They aren't nervy. They're just great dogs. Temperament IS genetic as well. And excellent breeders worry as much about temperament as they do overall health. What's the point of having a perfectly healthy dog if he's a basket case that you can't do anything with?
Do I recommend getting a dog from a BYB? Of course not. I think you'll have fewer issues with a well bred dog. A dog from a BYB is, imo, more likely to have health issues, and more of them. We do see it on this board often enough. The dog is sick and the breeder is no where to be found, or just as bad, the breeder is blaming the owner for somehow causing what is almost certainly a genetic issue. And we don't usually see temperament issues in well bred dogs the way we do in BYB (and puppy mill) dogs.
My alternative vet, who treats Army K9s and adores GSDs, always says (with a sad sort of laugh), when she was in vet school, if you weren't sure what kind of dog got a certain disease, the safe guess was "German Shepherd."
In other words, these aren't dogs for people who want "inexpensive dogs."
My recommendation is to go with one of our numerous reputable rescues, get yourself a dog that is a known quantity (temperament, orthopedically, etc). We have them as puppies for a few months. But there's a lot that can go wrong during that time as well. And any time something goes wrong, it tends to be very expensive.