I think your questions have been answered a few times over in the thread, but it is hard to understand the such a new concept. I'm not saying this as a put down on you in any way - a lot of stuff just goes over our heads when it is new, and after a while, based on more understanding, and personal experience, we start to understand more deeply what is being said.
To confound all this, different people on this thread have slightly different definitions of being civil. There are breeders out there who breed sharp fear-biters, and proudly brag about their dogs being civil and appropriate for Law Enforcement. There are breeders and trainers who will dismiss high-threshold dogs as 'junk' because they don't understand real defense, and like to work dogs in prey drive, which can easily be activated by anyone who swings a sleeve around. If a dog is more civil, and not just looking for a fun game of tug with a sleeve, the trainer will say the dog is no good, etc. (Just to be clear - I'm referring to some of the claims you may come across different websites as you continue your research - not referring to anyone that has posted to this thread - I respect the opinion of all the posters here, even if they don't agree, as they all have a viewpoint shaped by their own experience, which will be different for each person).
So, being protective is different than being civil - Labs have been known to be protective of their owners when the owner is under threat, but they are the last type of dog you would expect to be civil - being civil is a temperament trait that comes from a quiet inner strength and confidence - an over-the-top inner confidence. Again, once you have seen many dogs being worked at different levels in bitework, this is a quality you start to notice.
My belief is that you can have a civil dog that is completely, undeniably, fully, 3000% safe and social - BUT for a newbie, looking for a pet, I would not seek out a breeder that specifically breeds for a civil dog. If I did not know the dogs that this breeder was producing, I might worry that they were too much dog for a newbie, or for someone just looking for a safe, easy-going, companion dog.
I would still look for a breeder who breeds for working qualities, but for a balance, and picks the pups for the owners. In any litter, there will be pups that are more intense and driven, and some that are more laid-back and social. The more laid-back and social dogs will make perfect companion dogs, while the more intense and driven dogs would be a better fit for working and sport homes.