My recall training progression usually goes something like this:
(1) indoor recalls from short distance away
(2) indoor recalls from out-of-sight
(3) outdoor recalls in boring environments on a long line
(4) outdoor recalls in more interesting environments on a long line
(5) outdoor recalls in fenced areas
(6) outdoor recalls in open but visually/psychologically "confined" areas (like hiking trails in dense forests)
(7) outdoor recalls in completely open areas
(8) outdoor recalls in completely open areas with high distraction
I'm oversimplifying, of course, and in real life it's rarely such a neat escalating line -- there's a lot of zigzagging back and forth based on what I see from the dogs' responses in each environment -- but that's roughly how it goes. I try very hard not to move up to the next level until the previous one feels solid. I use a lot of recall games, too: tag/chase, hide and seek, stay and seek, throwing a treat in one direction and then running away quickly in the other, etc.
Something like this clip, which we did at Sanford Farm earlier this week (new and unfamiliar environment to explore, wide-open field with no visual confinements, bunnies and novel dogs around to play with), would be near the highest level of difficulty for my crew. It doesn't
look like much -- there's nothing hugely dramatic in frame -- but there are actually a lot of other things competing for Dog Mob's interest, and one of the things I do to reward them is immediately give them a cue to go back and explore some more (that's what the "Go Play!" is after Pongu recalls).
The reason I do these "pop quizzes" is to reinforce recalls in novel environments. As other people said earlier, it's important not to use a recall until you think it's going to be reliable -- but once you do have an acceptable success rate, practice is crucial. I make a point of recalling the dogs occasionally on off-leash walks, because when I really
need to call them off a deer or a rabbit, I want them to respond reflexively. It's a fine line between doing it so often that it starts to annoy your dog and devalue your reinforcers, vs. doing it often enough to get in the necessary practice, but if you know your dog, you'll know where to draw that line.
It might also be worth noting that Crookytail is about two and a half years old now, and this is the first trip where I've had any real confidence in his recall. It was a
disaster on our last vacation, and I spent about six months working on it before this one. Practice is super super important in getting a reliable recall. Be patient, and it will come -- but it's not abnormal for a 9-month-old puppy to be a little less than 100% in reliability here.
Just be patient, and keep working at it.
