When it's chow time, I make him sit and wait to be told he can get the food. He stares at the bowl, not me. I try everything. When he does look up at me, I praise like crazy, but he only glances. It's not where I can get him to hold eye contact. How do I achieve this?
You're moving way too fast - break it down into much smaller steps. If he's only glancing at you now, there's no way you're going to get extended eye contact out of him without working up to that.
I also make my dogs sit and wait to be released to eat after I put their bowls on the floor. If he's able to hold the sit after you've set down the bowl, release him the SECOND he glances at you. Do that for every meal for at least a few days. Once he learns that eye contact is what "makes" you release him to eat, he'll start offering it sooner. Don't ask for more eye contact until he's looking at you right away when you set down the bowl. You want him to be successful at each step before you start to increase the difficulty. From there you can wait for 1 or 2 seconds of eye contact, then 3 seconds, then 5 seconds. Work up
gradually.
I can't get him to look at me at all when we work on training. I try treats and it works briefly.
Then work on eye contact
outside of training. When I get a new puppy I wear my treat bag from the time I get home from work until bedtime. I mark and reward everything puppy does that I like and want to encourage. This is called "capturing" behaviors - you're not giving any commands, you're just reinforcing behaviors the dog is offering naturally. The more your reward him for eye contact, the more he's going to look at you.
Start requiring eye contact for EVERYTHING. Going outside (door doesn't open until he looks at you), coming into the house (ditto), before you throw a ball or initiate tug play, before putting his leash on, before you give him a bone or bully stick, everything you can think of. This will make eye contact a default behavior. I also teach my dogs to look at me with the "watch" command, but most of the time I expect them to look at me even when I haven't told them to, and because they have such a strong foundation of being reinforced for doing so, that's what they'll do in the absence of a cue. I can walk to the back door with them and just stop and stand there doing nothing and they'll sit and look at me because they know that's what makes me open the door.
In our house bully sticks are the most prized treat. I would stand there with one in each hand and wait for them to stop staring at it and look at me, then "yes!" and I'd hand it over. Gradually, over time, I worked up to where I can put it right in front on their nose, I can wave the sticks around, but they must keep eyes locked on mine in order to get it. If they grab at it before I've released them to take it, if they stare at it instead of me, they won't get it.
This game is great for teaching a default leave it and default eye contact:
It's a default because you're not telling the dog to leave the food alone, you're letting him figure out that backing away from it is what makes you give it to him. I did this with Halo when she was a puppy, she had some of her lunch kibble every day playing this game. Once he learns not to paw at your hand or try to get at the food, you can add eye contact - he needs to back away from the food and look at you, and then you can start feeding him from your hand.
How old is he? We got Halo at 10 weeks old, and she started puppy class 3 weeks later. The first week she was not so good, but by week 2 she was able to hold a down, off leash, in a room full of people and other puppies, and give me eye contact with food on the floor in front of her:
And here I have food in each hand:
The more you can make eye contact work to get him what he wants, the stronger the behavior will be.